1. The business model of physical goods
If your product is a certain item, the audience can directly hold and use your item, that is, the commodity/goods in the usual sense, then Your business model is very simple, basically there are four routines:
1. Produce by yourself, sell by yourself: directly produce by yourself, sell directly to users
2, outsource production, sell by yourself: take the production process Outsourcing, you are responsible for direct sales to users
3. Only produce, not sell: you are responsible for production, and sell to distributors
4, only sell, not produce: you can act as a distributor, or provide sales The commodity trading market
e-commerce websites such as Amazon and JD.com are the fourth business model mentioned above.
If your product is not a certain item, and the audience cannot directly hold and use it, then how can you make money? Let's take a look at the business model under the so-called Internet thinking.
Second, advertising
Since Google started placing ads next to search results, advertising has become the default monetization method for the Internet industry. In fact, advertising was originally the main business model of print media, and now the Internet industry has completely taken the limelight in the advertising field.
5. Display ads: The general forms of display ads are text, banner images, banners, text links, pop-up windows, etc., and are usually charged according to the location and time of the display, which is what we call a monthly subscription or a subscription , Weekly advertising. This is the most common mode of goals.
6. Advertising alliances: Advertising alliances are relative to Internet-based advertising agencies. Advertisers publish advertisements on the advertising alliances, and the advertising alliances then push the advertisements to various websites or apps. Baidu Alliance and Google AdSense are the two largest advertising alliances. Basically, when the website traffic has not reached a certain level, they will choose to cooperate with the advertising network. Only after a certain amount of traffic can they directly establish a cooperative relationship with the determined advertisers. Advertising networks generally charge based on the number of times an ad is clicked.
7. E-commerce advertisements: The most common one is Mama Ali. Jingdong, Amazon, and Dangdang all have their own e-commerce advertisements. Vancl also relied on this to suddenly become popular back then. These advertisements are generally paid based on sales commissions. Many shopping guide websites rely entirely on this kind of income, especially the overseas shopping guide websites, which connect to the advertisements of various overseas shopping websites, and the commissions are pretty good.
8. Soft article: Soft article refers to the perfect combination of advertising content and article content, so that when users read the article, they not only get the content they want, but also understand the content of the advertisement. Many media websites, Weibo, and WeChat large numbers rely on adverts to make money.
9. Virtual product for advertising effect: You can also provide users with virtual products, but the price is that users must accept certain advertisements, such as watching an advertisement, registering users on a certain website, and downloading a certain App.< br /> 10. User behavior data: By analyzing how users operate on your website or app, you can analyze user habits and psychology, which is conducive to making correct decisions in product design and business planning. Many companies need such data on user habits, so they can sell such data. Taobao Data Magic provides such services, such as telling you where, what product, what style, and what size is most popular with users.
3. Trading platform model
11. Physical trading platform: Users trade commodities on your platform, pay through your platform, and you receive commissions from them. Tmall is the largest physical trading platform, and Tmall’s commission is its main source of income.
12. Service trading platform: Users provide and receive services on your platform, pay through your platform, and you receive commissions from them. This is how Witkey Platform Zhubajie collects commissions. Uber's profit model is also to charge a commission for the driver's fare.
13. Precipitation funds mode: Users keep funds on your platform, and you can use these deposited funds to earn a return on investment income. The traditional retail industry uses the account period to press down the supplier's payment in order to make money with the deposit funds. Now this routine is also used in the Internet industry. It is said that JD.com makes its own money based on this precipitation. Many Internet financial companies and O2O companies are also pinning their hopes on this model.
Four. Charge users directly
In addition to advertising, another large type of business model is to charge users directly. certainly. If you charge upfront, it is likely to scare away users. Therefore, some clever methods are needed.
14. Regular payment model: This business model is similar to a monthly package of mobile phone bills, which pays regularly to obtain services within a certain period of time. Compared with the one-time payment to buy software directly, the single payment amount of regular payment is relatively small, so the threshold for users to pay is relatively low. For example, QQ membership is a monthly/annual payment model, and the current price is almost 10Q coins per month.
15. Pay-on-demand: Pay-on-demand means that the user only needs to pay the corresponding fee when the user actually purchases the service. For example, if you see a certain movie you want to watch on iQiyi, you can spend 5 yuan and only watch this one. This is an on-demand payment. If you buy a VIP user of iQiyi, all members can watch free movies for a period of time. This is the regular payment model. For another example, I want to find the document I need most on Dao Ke Baba. It costs 5 yuan to download it (however, it is 5 yuan). I can download this file after I pay with WeChat.
16. Printer model: The business model of printers refers to first selling to consumers a basic device, such as a printer, at a very cheap price. If users want to use this device, they must continue to buy it at a relatively high price. Other accessories, such as consumables. The razor also adopts a similar business model, the price of the blade holder is almost free, and then it makes money by selling blades. For another example, the same is true for home game consoles. Sony and Nintendo sell game consoles at lower prices, and then sell game discs at high prices. Because the Japanese printer company Epson first adopted this business model, I called it the printer model.
Five. Freemium model
The freemium business model is to allow some users to use products for free, while another part of users purchase value-added services and earn back costs and profits through paid capital increase services. However, for products that generally adopt a freemium model, only 0.5-1% of free users may be converted into paying users.
17. Limited number of times for free use: This mode is within a certain number of times, users can use it for free, and beyond this number of times, you need to pay.
18. Free use of limited number of people: This mode means that the number of users is within a certain number of people, which is free. If the number of users exceeds this limit, a fee will be charged. For example, for many corporate email services, if your company has registered a certain domain name, you plan to use this domain name as your corporate email; corporate email service providers can request that email addresses of less than 5 are free, and if you have more than 5 email addresses, you must purchase theirs. service.
19. Restrict the functions available to free users: Free users can only use a few functions. If you want to use all the functions, you have to pay. For example, I use Evernote now, and these days I always remind me whether I need to upgrade or not. After the upgrade, I can upload larger attachments every month, and I can also add a password to my notes. I want both of these two functions, but I haven't figured out whether it's worth the money to activate.
20. In-app purchase: The download and use of the application is free, but in the process of use, you can pay for specific functions. The most common is games, buying virtual equipment or props and the like. Another example is buying paid tags in WeChat.
21. Free trial period: Allow users to use it for free within a certain initial period, and pay after the trial period. For example, my current Office reminds me every day that the free trial period is about to expire in XX days. Let me activate it now. To activate is to buy a genuine activation code. I am now wondering where to find the activation code.
22. The core functions are free, and other functions are charged: Many of the apps in the Appstore are in this mode. A product is divided into a free version and a paid version. Basic functions are available in the free version, but to get more functions, you have to charge. For example, for photo processing applications, the free version has a few basic filter effects, which are almost enough, but if you want more dazzling and cool filters, you have to download the paid version.
23. The core functions are free, and at the same time divert to other paid services: For example, WeChat, WeChat chat is free, but WeChat has many other services built in, such as games, payment, JD, Didi Taxi, these services are all possible There is a fee.
24. Organize activities: gather popularity through free services, and then organize various offline activities, these activities can get advertising or sponsorship, or sell goods or services in the activities. For example, many media organizations make money by organizing offline industry summits. Other local communities will organize offline trade fairs and recommendation meetings, such as decoration fairs, wedding photography shows, etc., to sell goods or services.
So, since the Internet has so many business models to choose from, entrepreneurs don’t need to pay much attention to this issue at all. Try to make a good product, and try to stick more users, the number of users has reached a certain level, and you can make money by choosing a suitable business model.
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